Water Treatment

Water treatment is the process of improving the quality of water to make it suitable for specific purposes, such as drinking, industrial processes, irrigation, and environmental protection. The goal of water treatment is to remove impurities and contaminants from water or to reduce their concentration to acceptable levels. Chemicals like alum or ferric sulfate are added to water to create larger particles by causing smaller particles to clump together (coagulation). The clumped particles form flocs, which can be easily removed. Water passes through various filters (such as sand, gravel, or membranes) to remove remaining suspended particles and flocs. Hard water, which contains high levels of calcium and magnesium ions, can be softened by adding lime or by ion exchange methods. RO is a membrane-based process that can remove a wide range of contaminants, including salts, minerals, and some organic molecules, by forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane.